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Force, Work, Energy and Power
(i) Newton’s Second Law of Motion (including F=ma); weight and mass.
(ii) Machines as force multipliers; load, effort,mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and
efficiency; simple treatment of levers,inclined plane and pulley systems showing the
utility of each type of machine.
(iii) Work, energy, power, and their relation withforce (simple numerical problems included).
(iv) Different types of energy (e.g., chemicalenergy, gravitational potential energy, kinetic
energy, heat energy, elastic energy, electricalenergy, nuclear energy, sound energy, light
energy).
(v) Principle of Conservation of energy.
Light
(i) Refraction of light through a glass block and atriangular prism (no calculations but
approximate ray diagrams required);qualitative treatment of simple applications
such as real and apparent depth of objects inwater and apparent bending of sticks in water.
(ii) Total internal reflection: Critical angle;examples in triangular glass prisms;comparison with reflection from a planemirror (qualitative only).
(iii) Lenses (converging and diverging) includingcharacteristics of the images formed(using ray diagrams only); magnifying glass;location of images using ray diagrams andthereby determining magnification(sign convention and problems using the lensformulae are excluded).
(iv) Using a triangular prism to produce aspectrum from white light; simple treatment
of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Sound
(i) Reflection of Sound Waves; echoes: their use;simple numerical problems on echoes.
(ii) Forced and natural vibrations and resonance(through examples).
(iii) Loudness, pitch and quality of sound;difference between music and noise(overtones, harmonics, nodes and anti-nodesare excluded).
Electricity and Magnetism
(i) Ohm’s Law; concepts of emf, potentialdifference, resistance; resistances in series and
parallel; simple direct problems usingcombinations of resistors in circuits.
(ii) Electrical power and energy; householdconsumption of electrical energy (simpleproblems based on electricity billcalculations).
(iii) Household circuits – main circuit; switches;fuses; earthing; safety precautions; three-pin
plugs; colour coding of wires.
(iv) Magnetic effect of a current (principles only,laws not required); electromagnet; dc electric
bell; dc motor; electromagnetic induction(elementary); ac generator; transformer(only qualitative description of the devices isrequired).
Heat
(i) Specific heat capacities; Principle of methodof mixtures; problems on specific heat
capacity using heat loss and gain and themethod of mixtures.
(ii) Latent heat; loss & gain of heat involvingchange of state for fusion only (including
simple problems); common phenomenoninvolving specific heat capacity and latent
heat of fusion.
Modern Physics
(i) Thermionic emission; simple qualitativetreatment of a hot cathode ray tube.
(ii) Radioactivity and changes in the nucleus; thenature of alpha and beta particles and gammarays (problems on half life excluded);background radiation and safety precautions.
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