Grade 11

Political Theory
Fundamental Ideas
Meaning of Politics; is Politics a Science? Definition of Political Science; difference between Political Science and Politics; relation of Political Science with other Social Sciences (History, Economics, Ethics and Sociology). Difference between State and Government, State and Society, State and Association, Nation, Nationality and Nationalism.

The Origin of the State
Divine Origin Theory; the Force Theory;the Genetic Theory; the Social Contract Theory(Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau); the Patriarchal Theory; the Matriarchal Theory; the Evolutionary Theory. Development of the State.

Modern Theories of the State
Socialism; communism; syndicatism; guild socialism; fascism.

The Purpose of the State
Divergent views: the state is an end in itself; the greatest happiness of the greatest number; modern view.

Sovereignty
Meaning, kinds and characteristics. Is sovereignty absolute and indivisible? A historical analysis.

Law
Meaning and nature of law; sources of law; kinds of law.

Liberty
Meaning of liberty; kinds of liberty; civil liberty; political liberty; safeguards of liberty. Does law help or hinder liberty?

Equality
Meaning of equality; extent of equality in modern states; kinds of equality; equality and liberty.

Citizenship
Meaning and types of citizenship.

Forms of Government
Monarchy; aristocracy; democracy.

Modern Constitutions
(i) Evolution
(ii) Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy.