Origin and Development of Sociology and Anthropology (i) Origin and development of sociology: origin, modern-pioneers, theories and movements.
(ii) Society, sociology and its method: society and sociology, sociological method.
(iii) Relation with social sciences: relation with political science, economics, ethics, anthropology, history, psychology, social philosophy.
(iv) Definition and scope of anthropology: definition, its sections, relation between the sections, why we study primitive society.
(v) Uses of anthropology: historical background, work of political philosophers, travellers, explorers, administrators and missionaries.
(vi) Scope of applied anthropology: Boas on anthropology and modern life, humanistic philosophy under-lying functionalism, social engineering or social medicine. Nadel on anthropology and modern life, future of applied anthropology in India .
Social Groups and Institutions
(i) Social groups: nature and divisions, community and association, crowd.
(ii) Social institutions: nature of institutions, folkways and mores.
(iii) Initial attitudes and social life: attitudes and interests, co-operation and conflict.
Social Evolution and Progress
Definitions, preliminary concepts, idea and progress.
The Nature of Society
(i) Society and the individual: man as a social being, the nature of social unity.
(ii) Mainsprings of social life theories.
5. Heredity and Environment
(i) Heredity: mechanisms of heredity, genetic changes and acquired characteristics.
(ii) Environment: notion and types of environment.
(iii) Interplay of heredity and environment.
The Race Problem
Race: concept and claims of race; differences between man and beast, unity of mankind; race prejudice - causes and remedies.
Culture and Civilisation
Notion and attributes of culture and civilisation: distinction between culture and civilisation; role of technology in social life.
Natural and Social Selection
(i) Natural selection: definition, survival of the fittest.
(ii) Social selection: definition, differences between natural and social selection.
(iii) Rural and urban communities as agencies of social selection, contrasts between city and country life.
The State
(i) State and society: origin and development of the state; state as an institution of force.
(ii) Theories of socialism, communism and democracy, welfare state.
Population
(i) Population: population pattern as an agency of social selection; population and food supply.
(ii) Characteristics of population in India according to 2001 census.
Social Problems
(i) Extent, cause, evil effects and solutions to the following social problems: Crime, juvenile delinquency, beggary, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, child labour.
(ii) Alleviating the problems
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