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Basic Biology
(i) The cell, a unit of life, protoplasm, basic differences between an animal and a plant cell.
(ii) Tissues: Types of plant and animal tissues.
Flowering Plants
(i) Outline of the external morphology of a simple herbaceous plant e.g. Petunia, Hibiscus.
(ii) Vegetative Propagation: Natural and artificial methods, advantages and disadvantages. Economic importance of propagation and hybridisation. Micro Propagation. Brief idea of Biotechnology and its role in medicine and industry.
(iii) Medicinal Plants – their role in Indian system of medicine. Example – Neem, Turmeric, Quinine, Amla and Tulsi.
(iv) Flower: Structure of a bisexual flower, functions of various parts.
(v) Pollination: self and cross-pollination.
(vi) Fertilisation.
Plant Physiology
(i) Germination of seeds, types, and conditions for seed germination.
(ii) Respiration in plants: nature of the process, gaseous exchange.
Flowerless Plants
Economic importance of bacteria and fungi; role in medicine, agriculture and industry; medicine – antibiotics, serums and vaccines; agriculture – nitrogen fixing, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria; industry - wine, baking, cheese, mushroom cultivation. Methods of preservation of foods.
Animal Study
(i) A brief study of classification of animals - vertebrates and invertebrates. Characteristics of each group of animals with examples (class in case of vertebrates and phylum in case of invertebrates).
(ii) Adaptation to environment: examples: to air (bird), water (fish), land (mammal), to
modes of life.
(iii) Mammal: the general arrangement of internal organs.
(iv) Nutrition in animals: the structure of a tooth, different types of teeth.
(v) Nutrition in man: Classes of food, balanced diet. Malnutrition and deficiency diseases.
(vi) Digestive System: Organs and digestive glands and their functions (including
enzymes and their functions in digestion; absorption, utilisation of digested food); tests for reducing sugar, starch, protein and fats.
(vii) Structure and functions of skin.
(viii) Circulatory System: Main features; the structure and working of the heart, blood vessels, structure and functions of blood and circulation of blood (only names of the main blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, liver and kidney will be required).
(ix) Respiration System: Organs; mechanism of breathing; tissue respiration, heat
production.
(x) Excretory System: Elementary treatment of the structure and function of the kidneys; the kidneys treated as comprising cortex and medulla and consisting of a branched system of tubules well supplied with blood vessels leading to the ureter (details of the courses of the tubules and their blood vessels not required).
Health and Hygiene
Cause of diseases:
(i) Bacteria - types of bacteria, bacterial control, three examples of diseases caused
by bacteria e.g. Tuberculosis, Cholera, Tetanus, Syphilis (Veneral disease).
(ii) Virus - nature of viruses, three examples of viral diseases e.g. Poliomyelitis, Mumps, Rabies, etc. Introduction to HIV, its outline structure and spread.
(iii) Parasites - two examples, roundworm, tapeworm and their control.
(iv) Hygiene: simple personal hygiene and social conditions affecting this. Disease carriers (vectors) flies, rats and cockroaches, contamination of water, waterborne diseases.
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