Grade 9

Commercial Organizations - Introduction

(a) Definition and basic understanding of terms like commerce, business, industry, trade, organization, firm and company. Meaning of commercial organisations.
(b) Classification according to activities, objectives and ownership structures.

Actual functioning of a Commercial Organization

To understand the specific roles played by different departments of a commercial
organization and to study the interrelationships and dependence of all the functional areas in an actual firm: Purchase and Stores, Production, Marketing and Sales, Finance, Human Resources, General Administration and Legal.

Business Communication

(a) Increasing relevance of communication in a commercial organization.
(b) Ways of Communicating: verbal (written, spoken) and non-verbal communication. Their importance in different settings and their disadvantages.
(c) Skills required for effective communication.
(d) Understanding the relevance and use of different tools of communication: letter,
facsimile, e-mail, videoconference, memo, telephonic conversation, etc.

Accounting Systems : Mechanics & Terminology

(a) Need and relevance of accounting.
(b) Basic understanding of debit and credit.
(c) Understanding of basic accounting terminology: capital, liability, asset, revenue,
expense, purchase, sales, stocks, debtors, creditors.
(d) Simple understanding of some accounting records maintained such as journals, ledgers, cash book, trial balance.