Grade 9

Understanding an Economy
i) Meaning and definition of Economics; concepts of Economics: Wealth, Welfare, Capital, Factors of production, Utility, Government, Household, Firm, Demand, Supply, Value, Price, Production, Consumption, Micro and Macro Economics.
ii) Basic problems of an economy: What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce? Efficient use of resources; economic growth; solution to the basic problems through Price-mechanism. The concept of production possibility curve.
iii) Types of Economies: Capitalistic, Socialistic, Mixed, Developed and Developing economy. Characteristics of the Indian economy.

Agriculture
Causes of low agricultural productivity; measures to increase agricultural productivity: Green Revolution. Sources of agricultural finance: Institutional and Non-Institutional sources; contribution of agriculture to national income, employment, state revenue, industry, food requirement, trade.

Industry
Complementarity of agriculture and industry; need for rapid industrialization; small-scale and cottage industries; their importance, problems and measures taken to develop them; need for industrial development in India.

Poverty and Unemployment
Meaning of Poverty-line. Causes of poverty; poverty-alleviation programmes; nature of unemployment; causes of unemployment; measures to check unemployment.

Population Size and growth rate, causes of the rapid growth of population; problem of over-population; remedies for population explosion;policy of the Government.; age, sex, composition and occupational distribution of population ; trend in occupational distribution in recent times.

Transport
Role of transport in economic development; various means of transport: Road, Rail, Water and Air; their merits and demerits.