Measurements and Experimentation
(i) Estimation by orders of magnitude of size (length, area and volume), mass and time.
(ii) International System of Units (the required SI units are given at the end of this syllabus) and other commonly used units of the relevant physical quantities.
(iii) Measurements using common instruments (metre rule, Vernier calipers and micrometer
screw gauge for length, volume by displacement using a measuring cylinder, stop watch and simple pendulum for time, equal arm beam balance for comparison of masses); least count of measuring instruments. Significant figures; percentage error associated with a measurement.
(iv) Presentation of data in tabular and graphical form (straight line graphs only); labelling of axes; scale and accuracy of plots; best-fit straight line; errors; identifying proportional relationships using straight line graphs.
Fluids
(i) Change of pressure with depth (including the formula p=h?g); transmission of pressure in liquids; atmospheric pressure.
(ii) Archimedes’ Principle; upthrust (buoyancy); floatation; relationship with density; relative density; determination of relative density of a solid; qualitative description of a hydrometer.
Motion in one dimension
Distance, speed, velocity, acceleration; graphs of distance-time and speed-time; equations of motion v = u + at; S = ut + ½at2; S = ½(u+v)t; v2 = u2 +2as.
Newton’s Laws of Motion
(i) Newton’s First Law of Motion (qualitative discussion) to introduce the idea of inertia: mass and force.
(ii) Newton’s Second Law of Motion (elementary qualitative discussion) in terms of rate of change of momentum with time, definition of force.
(iii) Newton’s Third Law of Motion (qualitative discussion only); simple examples.
Forces
(i) Contact and non-contact forces; Names of cgs & SI units.
(ii) Turning forces concept; moment of a force; forces in equilibrium; centre of gravity; (discussions using simple examples and simple direct problems).
(iii) Uniform circular motion as example of constant speed, though force is present. Basic idea of centrifugal and centripetal force (qualitatively only).
Heat
(i) Concepts of heat and temperature.
(ii) Expansion of solids, liquids and gases (qualitative discussion only); uses and consequences of expansion (simple examples); anomalous expansion of water.
(iii) Mercury thermometers, brief introduction; higher and lower fixed points of a thermometer; special case of the clinical thermometer; temperature scales - Celsius and Fahrenheit only. Problems on inter-conversion between the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.
(iv) Transfer of heat (simple treatment) by conduction, convection and radiation; thermal insulation; keeping warm and keeping cool; vacuum flask; ventilation.
Light
(i) Rectilinear propagation of light; shadows.
(ii) Reflection of light; image formed by a plane mirror (characteristics of the image by simple ray diagrams); regular and irregular reflection; images formed by a pair of parallel and perpendicular plane mirrors; simple periscope.
(iii) Spherical mirrors; characteristics of image formed by these mirrors and their uses (only simple direct ray diagrams are required; sign convention, magnification, focal length and associated problems are not required).
Wave Motion
(i) Demonstrating that a medium is required for sound waves to travel; nature of sound, its propagation and speed in different media; comparison with speed of light.
(ii) Range of hearing; ultrasound, a few applications.
Electricity and Magnetism
(i) Static electricity – electric charge; charging by friction; simple orbital model of the atom;
detection of charge (pith ball and electroscope); sparking; lightning conductors.
(ii) Simple electric circuit using an electric cell and a bulb to introduce the idea of current (including its relationship to charge); potential difference; insulators and conductors; closed and open circuits; direction of current (electron flow and conventional); resistance introduced through bulbs in series and parallel.
(iii) Properties of a bar magnet; induced magnetism; lines of magnetic force; neutral points.
|
